Transfer Learning

The term transfer learning derived from English "Transfer of learning" which means the removal or transfer of learning from one lesson to another lesson or of everyday life outside the school environment. The existence of the transfer or diversion of this indicates that there are learning outcomes that are useful in everyday life and in understanding the subject matter to another. Learning results obtained and can be moved tsb. can be knowledge (verbal information), intellectual skills, motor skills or affective etc. When the results of learning (knowledge) which facilitate or assist the previous learning and then it is said to have occurred ransfer learning called positive transfer. For example, biology subject matter easier for students to understand and learn the material geography. Conversely, if the knowledge or experience gained earlier complicate the process of learning that then it says there has been a negative transfer of learning.
In relation to the importance of studying the transfer of teachers in the learning process should provide the study with capabilities that will be useful in everyday life. Pelu therefore created the conditions that allow positive transfer of learning can occur.
What must be considered a teacher for the transfer of learning took place in a positive way? a teacher needs to create conditions conducive to the occurrence tansfer a few things to note are:
Original Si learning ability
Effectiveness / fluency or ease of transfer is much influenced by students' initial ability or knowledge to be the first known or controlled. A transfer can easily occur when students already have the initial capability associated with the material they will be. Therefore, to facilitate the transfer process teachers need to know in advance the ability of beginning students on material that will be taught.
Meaningfulness of material / field of study for the learning
Transfer of learning will occur smoothly if students feel / know the significance of the material being studied for his or her life. A sense of purpose / meaning of the material being studied will be the incentive for students to learn the material they will be. Significance of even this will expedite the transfer process.
How to Teach
Transfers will easily occur when the presentation of the material made by teachers using a variety of interesting and varied matode so exciting and leaving a positive impression for the students. How to teach is related to the ability of teachers to relate the subject matter with the conditions / circumstances that may motivate students to actively engage students in the learning process.
Is there a relationship between transfer of learning with curriculum development? To answer that question there are several views about the nature of learning and what the consequences of curriculum development in schools.
Theory Generalisai
According to this theory of learning transfer is more related to one's ability to capture the main structure, pattern and general principles. If a student is able to capture the concepts, rules and principles to solve problems so that students have a stock that can be transferred to other areas outside their field of study where konsepo, rules and principles were first obtained. So the students are said to be able to make "generalizations" that is able to capture the characteristics or common traits found in a number of special things. Such generalizations have occurred when the students to form concepts, rules, principles and problem-solving strategies. So the similarity between the two fields of study they will be. not contained in specific elements but rather in the pattern, the basic structure and in principle.
The theory of identical elements
This view dipelapori by Edward Thorndike who said that the transfer of learning from one field of study to another field of study or from the experience of daily life occur on the terms of the elements of the same (identical) in both the field study. The more common elements, the greater the transfer of learning. In other words the transfer of learning depends on many elements in common at least. For example, between fields of study algebra and geometry, etc..
According to this theory the essence of the transfer of learning is shifting from mastery of a particular element in another field of study, more and more of the same elements will be even greater occurrence of positive transfer of learning.
Meanwhile, Gagne an educational psychologist said that the transfer can be classified into four categories: positive transfer, negative transfer, vertical transfer and transfer of the Lateran.
Positive transfer can occur in a person when the teacher helped her learn to learn in certain situations and will allow students to learn in other situations. Positive transfer has a good influence for students to learn the material to another.
Experienced a negative transfer of a person if the learning in certain situations have damaging effects on the skills / knowledge learned in other situations. In connection with this teacher seeks to recognize and prevent their students from a particular learning situation that can negatively affect the learning activities in the future.
Transfer vertical (upright); occur in a person if the lesson has been learned in certain situations to help students tsb. mastered the knowledge or skills in a higher or complicated. For example, by mastering the material on the division or multiplication then students will more easily learn the material on rank. In order to obtain the vertical transfer of these teachers are encouraged to explain to students explicitly about the benefits of the material being taught and its relationship to other material. By knowing the benefits of material that will be studied with other materials that will be studied in class higher expected he would follow this lesson more seriously.
Transfer the lateral (sideways) occurred in the student when he was able to use material that has been studied to learn the material that has the same difficulty level in other situations. In this case the change of time and place do not affect the quality of student learning outcomes. For example, students have learned about the additional material, with additional material master then students will more easily learn the material a higher level of division kesilitannya such material. Another example of a STM students have learned about the machine, then he will easily learn the other engine technology that has the elements and the level complexity that is almost the same.