Know Edward Lee Thorndike

Edward Lee Thorndike (1874 - 1949): Thorndike was born in Wiliamsburg on 31 August 1874 and died in Montrose, New York, on August 10, 1949, is another character than functionalism flow of the Columbia Group. After he completed his studies at Harvard, he worked at the Teacher's College of Columbia under the leadership of James Mckeen Cattell. In a great interest sinlah arise on the process of learning, education, and intelligence. In 1898, at age 24, Thorndike published his book, Animal Intelligence, An Experimental Study of Association Process in Animal. This book is the result of research on behavior Thorndike several species of animals such as cats, dogs, and birds, reflect the basic principle of the learning process adopted

Thorndike, namely that the basis of learning (learning) is actually none other than the association. A stimulus (S), will cause a response (R) specific. This theory is called the S-R theory.
In SR theory dikatan that in the learning process, first organisms (animals, people) learn by trial-and-one (trial and error). Kalau organisms are in a situation that contains a problem, then it will issue a series of organism behavior from a collection of behavior available to it to solve the problem, and based on that experience, then at other times when he faced a similar problem, the organism already know the behavior where yangharus issuance behavior to solve problems. He is associating a particular problem with a particular behavior. A cat, for example, which is inserted in a locked cage, will be moving, walking, jumping, scratching, barking, and so on, until at one point he accidentally stepped on a pedal in the cage so the cage was open. Since then, the cat will immediately step on the pedal when he was put in the same cage.
In the process of learning which follows the principle of trial and this one there are some legal
Thorndike noted:
1. Securities Law (The Law of Effect): The intensity of the relationship between S and R increases when
relationship is followed by a pleasant situation. Conversely, the relationship will berkuran, if followed by an unpleasant situation. Thus, any behavior that produces a particular decision, will be associated with the situation. So, if the situation appears again, then the behavior will appear again.
In the example of a cat in a cage on top, stepped on the pedal behavior will be associated with unpleasant situations because freed from the cage. With this theory can be regarded as adherents of Thorndike understand new associationism. Unlike the old associationism adopted by John Locke and Mills childless father, then a new associationism not connecting between ideas with ideas, but a link between the stimulus with response or responses with the response.
2. Practice of Law (The Law of Exercise) or legal order, not in order (The Law od Use and Disuse): SR relationship can also be caused or encouraged through exercises
yangberulang and over. With demikia, this means also, SR relationship can also
caused or encouraged through the repetitive exercises. Thus, this
also means, SR relationship can be weakened if not trained or done repeatedly.
Because R usefulness of a particular S in the latter case can not
longer perceived or more and more disappear in organsime concerned. In connection with his theory of the Law on Securities, Thorndike to the book written together with other Columbia group leader named Woodworth, Thorndike argued that what had earlier dipelaajri will affect what is learned later.
If it is learned later has much in common with the previous study, it will be a positive transfer terjaid where it yangbaru it will not be too difficult to learn. For example, people who have never learned to ride horses, do not be too difficult to learn to drive a train ride. Conversely, if the things learned later was learned earlier and there are many differences, it will be difficult to learn things that then were, and here occurred a negative transfer. For example, a
that have been used to write with his left hand for writing with his left hand is entirely different way than writing with his right hand. The principle of this transfer then diamalkannya into the world of education and written in the book Educational Psychology (1903) and because of his achievements Thorndike was finally appointed professor at Teacher's College of Columbia.

Know Edward Lee Thorndike
Edward Lee Thorndike (1874 - 1949): Thorndike was born in Wiliamsburg on 31 August 1874 and died in Montrose, New York, on August 10, 1949, is another character than functionalism flow of the Columbia Group. After he completed his studies at Harvard, he worked at the Teacher's College of Columbia under the leadership of James Mckeen Cattell. In a great interest sinlah arise on the process of learning, education, and intelligence. In 1898, at age 24, Thorndike published his book, Animal Intelligence, An Experimental Study of Association Process in Animal. This book is the result of research on behavior Thorndike several species of animals such as cats, dogs, and birds, reflect the basic principle of the learning process adopted
Thorndike, namely that the basis of learning (learning) is actually none other than the association. A stimulus (S), will cause a response (R) specific. This theory is called the S-R theory.
In SR theory dikatan that in the learning process, first organisms (animals, people) learn by trial-and-one (trial and error). If organisms are in a situation that contains a problem, then it will issue a series of organism behavior from a collection of behavior on them to solve the problem, and based on that experience, then at other times when he faced a similar problem, the organism already know the behavior where yangharus issuance behavior to solve problems. He is associating a particular problem with a particular behavior. A cat, for example, which is inserted in a locked cage, will be moving, walking, jumping, scratching, barking, and so on, until at one point he accidentally stepped on a pedal in the cage so the cage was open. Since then, the cat will immediately step on the pedal when he was put in the same cage.
In the process of learning which follows the principle of trial and this one there are some legal
Thorndike noted:
1. Securities Law (The Law of Effect): The intensity of the relationship between S and R increases when
relationship is followed by a pleasant situation. Conversely, the relationship will berkuran, if followed by an unpleasant situation. Thus, any behavior that produces a particular decision, will be associated with the situation. So, if the situation appears again, then the behavior will appear again.
In the example of a cat in a cage on top, stepped on the pedal behavior will be associated with unpleasant situations because freed from the cage. With this theory can be regarded as adherents of Thorndike understand new associationism. Unlike the old associationism adopted by John Locke and Mills childless father, then a new associationism not connecting between ideas with ideas, but a link between the stimulus with response or responses with the response.
2. Practice of Law (The Law of Exercise) or legal order, not in order (The Law od Use and Disuse): SR relationship can also be caused or encouraged through exercises
yangberulang and over. With demikia, this means also, SR relationship can also
caused or encouraged through the repetitive exercises. Thus, this
also means, SR relationship can be weakened if not trained or done repeatedly.
Because R usefulness of a particular S in the latter case can not
longer perceived or more and more disappear in organsime concerned. In connection with his theory of the Law on Securities, Thorndike to the book written together with other Columbia group leader named Woodworth, Thorndike argued that what had earlier dipelaajri will affect what is learned later.
If it is learned later has much in common with the previous study, it will be a positive transfer terjaid where it yangbaru it will not be too difficult to learn. For example, people who have never learned to ride horses, do not be too difficult to learn to drive a train ride. Conversely, if the things learned later was learned earlier and there are many differences, it will be difficult to learn things that then were, and here there is negative transfer. For example, a
that have been used to write with his left hand for writing with his left hand is entirely different way than writing with his right hand. The principle of this transfer then diamalkannya into the world of education and written in the book Educational Psychology (1903) and because of his achievements Thorndike was finally appointed professor at Teacher's College of Columbia.