Indonesian territory consists of land and sea to land area ratio is 3:1 with the ocean. Almost 70% of Indonesia consists of the ocean. In the past, whenDutch occupation period of the Indonesian waters is set 3 miles or 5.5 km calculated from the sea during low tide. The following provisions Territoriale Zee en Maritieme Ordinance in 1939. With these calculations, many of Indonesia's marine area that is free of
islands. This is very detrimental to Indonesia because many foreign ships are free taking of marine resources in Indonesia.
On December 13, 1957 the Indonesian government take action to establish the concept of the territorial waters of the sea, known as the Declaration Djuanda. The core of the declaration
it is the sea and the waters become a unifying inter-island and inter-island link, and the limits of the territorial sea is measured as far as 12 miles from the base line the outer coast of the island.
Declaration Djuanda eventually get world recognition in 1982 when the International Law of the Sea Convention was held in Jamaica. In the convention stipulated that the international community recognizes the existence of the territorial waters of Indonesia, which include the following.
a. Archipelago Waters
Waters of the territorial waters of the archipelago is located on the underside of the base line of the sea, bay, and strait which connects the island with one other island in Indonesia. These include lakes, rivers and swamps that are on the mainland.
b. Territorial Sea
Territorial sea is the sea territory with a limit of 12 miles from the point of the outermost tip of the islands in Indonesia at the time of the tide toward the sea. Need you guys know, that the distance between
one country to another there are not too far away. How when the two countries over a sea that is not up to 24 miles wide? If that happens then the territorial waters
determined on an agreement the two countries concerned. Territorial sea boundary is determined by a line in the middle of the sea region between the two countries concerned.
c. Continental Shelf Boundaries
Limit of the continental shelf is a continuation of the mainland boundary of a continent which submerged to a depth of 200 m below sea level. Natural resources located within
area of the continental shelf belong to the Indonesian government. So, the Indonesian government's right to conduct exploration and exploitation of natural wealth which is in the region
continental shelf boundary.
d. Limit of Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ)
On March 21, 1980 Indonesia announced its EEZ. Exclusive Economic Zone boundary is Indonesia's marine area as wide as 200 miles, measured from the base of the marine area
Indonesia. If the EEZ of a country coincide with the EEZ of other countries, the establishment is based agreement between the two countries. With the negotiations then
division of the sea area will be fair. For in the EEZ boundary of a country has the right to exploitation, exploration, processing, and preservation of natural resources within them both on the seabed and sea water on it. Therefore, Indonesia is responsible for conserving and protecting natural resources from damage.
2. Map of Indonesia Territorial Sea
The island in the Indonesian territory of more than 17,500 islands both large and small. With the large number of Indonesian islands has led to a long coastline. Indonesia's long coastline as far as 81,000 km and is one of the longest coastlines in the world.
The existence of a long coastline that would benefit the country, for the wealth contained in it become state property. Therefore, the boundaries of the region
sea in Indonesia to be recognized by the international community. From the description can be concluded that Indonesia's territorial sea area is 12 miles and the Indonesian Exclusive Economic Zone is 200 miles from the coastline.
3. Ocean Conservation Enterprises in Indonesia
Indonesia referred to as a maritime country, because most of its territory consists of the ocean. As a maritime country, the presence of water plays an important role in uniting all the islands in Indonesia. Sea provide great benefits for the welfare of the Indonesian state.
Apart from being a means of connecting inter-island, the sea is also a producer of biological resources and non-biological resources. Resources is an asset for
Indonesia state that will provide prosperity for all peoples. Therefore, the presence of the sea and its contents need to be preserved.
Surely not just government that is obliged to preserve the ocean, but you as citizens of Indonesia are also obliged to safeguard it. As an example of business-
effort in marine conservation efforts in Indonesia are as follows.
a. Keeping it clean sea water by restricting the disposal of garbage and waste in the sea.
b. The protection of certain animals that live in the sea so as not to become extinct.
c. Prohibition of use of explosives, toxic materials, and electricity while fishing.
d. Prohibition of use of small nets while fishing for by using the tools that are still small fish will come netted.
e. A ban on destroying coral reefs.
f. Planting mangroves along the coast.
g. The ban took sea corals in large numbers. If you see a lot of rubbish strewn. If possible take and fruit in the trash.
