COMPUTER PROBLEM OVERCOME

Your PC will not act at all? Hard drive undetectable, optical drives, which seem slow, which is not optimal monitor looks, or a router that too often hangs? Do not panic, find the solution here!

Occasionally this can happen. PC suddenly acting up, and can not be resolved easily. Even if you've read the various troubleshooting guide in the manual are available. And this could also happen to you. (For Compaq CQ40 laptop users with OS Ubuntu 9.10 / 10:04 problem with Wifi can view this article.)

Not looking at the situation and conditions, a system can be acting up. It could be a moment after you perform the update drivers. Or after the addition of enhancements to your system. Or occur suddenly, without warning or prior notice.

And this review will discuss the things mentioned above. Have no need to panic anxiety and deal with it.

Sit quietly, and just follow the discussion this time. Hopefully one of them is the answer to the problems you face with your favorite PC.

Latest, Not Bug-Free Means
Not always the latest technology to provide the best for users. Even the few times we watched alone, a product that carries the latest technology, the initial batch was also accompanied by perbagai problems frustrating enough.

For example, a motherboard with the latest chipset. Here are some cases that is often perceived by members of the lab PC Media. There should be some small-scale research, in order to run a series of tests to perfect. Ranging from the occasional find BIOS updates, driver updates or just manually updated the product concerned.

Another example is to test the video card. With the sharpening of competition ATI Radeon and nVidia, make different products with the latest chipset, kept coming into our lab. Which ultimately requires a software patch testing solutions. To be able to run it.

Then, what happens in the real world? In everyday use with your PC

Step Opening
As in chess, the first step will be very decisive. So also in solving problems that occur with your PC.

In this subbahasan, will contain the most important step in trying to resolve problems with your PC. The important thing is to try to find out, what's causing your PC acting up. The last change what happens on your PC?

It is very important to know for sure. Remember, this will greatly facilitate the settlement to be done. Adjusted for possible problems that occur. From here, it is possible to narrow the possible problems that occur with your PC.

01. PC No Reacting, The Pressured Power Button.
Problem: you press the power button to turn on your PC, but PC does not show signs of life. What happened?

Solution: If this happens on your PC, there are several possibilities that must be examined one by one gradually.

Step 1: Check all the electrical network, from the AC outlet to the PSU (power supply unit) of your PC. Is it installed perfectly. Starting from the PSU to make sure the switch in the ON position, or if you use a UPS (uniterruptable power supply) and / or Stabilizers AVR (automated voltage regulator). Make sure all the ON position and in a state to function properly.

Step 2: If it is not the cause, then chances are a new next on your PC. Make sure all cables (especially power cables) and components installed properly. How to open the casing, then squeeze back component and connector cables available. Sometimes this is because the connector is not connected properly. Note also ATX 12V, which can be found on most motherboards four years. Motherboard will not act, without ration power from this connector.

Step 3: It would be quite troublesome. Make a check of device one by one. The definition is a CPU and motherboard. Make sure both are still functioning properly. Because let's say if the CPU is damaged, the system will not light at all. Likewise, if the motherboard is damaged. Especially for the affairs of its power supply (MOSFET, power lines on the PCB and so on). It also will cause the PC will not react at all.

02. Fan, Hard Drive Sounds rotation, but Remain Dark Screen Monitor.
Problem: PC react. There was a spinning fan, and other signs of life from hard drives, optical drives, etc.. However, the monitor remains black.

Solution: Fiuhh ... at least it was slightly better than the problem number 1. For this problem, you should rely on marks given BIOS POST. Make sure the casing is attached speakers either, so you can listen to a combination POST beep is definitely available on most motherboards. Or on some motherboards latest output, an integrated buzzer is also available on the motherboard.

It's easier if the motherboard BIOS POST code display is accompanied in the form of two seven segment LED, which will display the code hexagesimal. If you do not know the meaning of the code (either sound or light) or even lose the manual, once again no need to panic. You can try to open the site Bios Central (http://www.bioscentral.com).

Harddisk
Save various documents, favorite songs in MP3 format, installation of 3D games (which measure up to units of gigabytes), some even collect video download DivX format, or master digital video transfer from handycam results. It is not strange if the hard drive with full speed. Adding a hard drive too, was not
apart from some problems that may arise.

03. System Not Recognize New Hard Drive.
Problem: new hard drive installed, was not detected either in Windows or the BIOS though.

Solution: The point is to install and configure the hard disk properly. Harddisk not include a hard component in the installation process. However, there are several steps that must certainly have been done, when installing the hard drive.

Step 1: Make sure your hard drive is getting power supply from the PSU. Trivial mistake like this could happen. Given the location of the hard drive is usually on the front casing. Sometimes you connect with a branch of power from fan, who did not get a supply of power from the PSU. This could also be due to inadequate number of power connectors from PSU.

Step 2: Make sure that the master and slave hard drive exactly as desired. Or if you want to use the configuration on the cable select, make sure to use the configuration on the second hard drive, your old and new.

Step 3: If you want to use cable select configuration, consider the installation of the IDE cable on the hard disk. Some of the latest cable, has given a special mark, to help determine which connectors will be considered as a master, and connectors which would be considered a slave. If not available, the easiest way is by following the basic rules. Connectors are located tip designated as the master. While the connector in the middle, will be treated as a slave.

Step 4: If it all has not been able to resolve the problem, then there is an alternative answer to the BIOS settings. Integrated Peripherals On top choice, there are usually options for the IDE controller. Here also there is the option for setting the SATA hard disk controller. Should you experience a similar problem, when I want to add a new hard drive had a SATA interface. Especially for SATA hard drive and Windows, do not forget to install the driver that is usually supplied by motherboard manufacturers. Or update, depending on the chipset the motherboard uses.

04. Hard Disk Detected but Can not Be Operated.
Problem: The BIOS detects the presence of the hard disk. But not so with Windows, even DOS.

Solution: This is not a big problem. All you need do is create a partition, and then format the new hard drive. Due to the new hard drive is not formatted in a file system that can recognize the Windows or DOS. There are several possibilities that can be done with the new hard drive.

Possible 1: Should you want to install the new hard drive with operating system Windows 9x, it would require some basic knowledge about the command FDISK. For this one, we strongly recommend to use the commands on this one accompanied by someone you know who've experienced.

Possible 2: If you want to install it with Windows 2000/XP or some newer Linux distributions nowadays, you do not need another headache to deal with the FDISK command. They provide options during the installation process. Just follow the steps and choices given. At least it's easier than using the FDISK command for most people.

Possible 3: If the new hard drive would be used as an additional hard drive for data storage, it will be easier. For example, you've been using Windows XP operating system. By using his user who has administrator rights you can do the following.

Simply by going to Disk Management. One of them by right clicking on My Computer, choose Manage.

Notice the left column. Later in the Storage, select Disk Management. From here you can view and manage your new hard drive more easily.

Note: Be careful when using the facilities available in Disk Management. Do not let one choose the hard disk. Because data on the hard disk or partition may be lost. Likewise when using FDISK or a similar functionality of available on the OS installation process.

05. New Hard Drive Installation Extra Large.
Problem: 200 GB hard drive is not detected either in the BIOS, let alone Windows. In fact, step on a tip to 03 and 04 has been started all.

Solution: Along with time and technological advances that exist, then the large disk mass products already available in the market. With a relatively affordable price. The core problem is the use of in LBA (Logical Block Addressing) is used. The problem for the above, usually caused by hard disk larger than 137 GB, using 48-bit LBA method.

To that end, the first needs to be done is to ascertain whether the BIOS is used, already supports 48 bit LBA. For example here is to use 48-bit LBA Test Program for the Intel Application Accelerator (http://support.intel.com/support/chipsets/iaa/sb/CS-009302.htm). Simply by running a simple application 48lbachk.exe on the system.

If you find that the BIOS is not supporting, it is necessary to update the BIOS. Note the readme which is available on the BIOS update. Make sure the updates that will be used, to resolve compatibility issues 48 bit LBA hard drive.

Optical Drive
This one device may have been long used as a mainstay for business storage. Here may be some problems that can occur.

06. Software Burner Optical Drive Not Functioning on New.
Problem: Suppose you had to say goodbye to the old CDRW drive. And replace it with a new burner drive. But you just realize, that mainstay Nero burner software, can not be used with the new drive. Why is that?

Solution: In the early days of glorious CD-RW drives, most of the sales package comes with the burner software. However, now many outstanding optical drives that are not accompanied with the burner software.

Please note, OEM licenses granted for package sales. And devoted to the bundled product. And Nero has a protection, so that can only be used specifically for the drive. To continue to use it to drive a new burner, the most minimal cost is to upgrade. enggunakan Nero 6 Reloaded Upgrade Downloadable Serial Number (www.nero.com, for U.S. $ 39.99). It's cheaper than the full version.

07. Write speed is not fast as Promised.
Problem: Specification does not promise 100% accordance with the reality. But if it took the write up to two times or more the time appointed, there must be something wrong. What cause?

Solution: This may not be so much felt, even for CD-RW drive is the fastest though. However, if you've switched to a DVD burner drive, the difference will be felt. It could take more than 1 hour to complete writing data on DVD media capacity of 4.7 GB.

That need to be ascertained is, whether the hard drive or optical drive is used, has been working on Ultra DMA mode (Direct Memory Access).

How to check, in Windows XP with respect to the Device Manager. Open the IDE controller on the tree. And look at the Advanced Settings tab. Look at the Current Transfer Mode. Check on each IDE controller in which the hard drive and optical drive installed.

VGA and Display
Both are designed to pamper the eyes of users. With a more powerful VGA, you'll get a better frame rate. While the display is better, you will get a resolution and refresh rate that is not tiring the eye. However, it does not mean they are free from problems.

08. Video Card Driver not installed with Perfect.
Problem: It seems the driver installation process went perfect. But after the system restarts, there is a warning error box: â € œcli.exe Application Error. The application failed to initialize properly (0xc0000135). Click OK to terminate the application.â €? What causes and how to fix this?

Solution: Some users have video cards with ATI Radeon chipsets VPU never feel it. Especially if you ever update the drivers and supporting applications using the ATI Catalyst. For information, ATI Catalyst that are specific to this Windows operating system, created by using Microsoft. NET Framework SDK.

Operating systems need to be added by installing the Microsoft. NET Framework. Which is now available is for version 1.1.

It would be useful if you are also going to install applications created by using Microsoft. NET Framework SDK. To solve all the problems, which led to the emergence of pop-up window similar.

09. Avoiding Error Message When Installing VGA Driver Update.
Problem: How should perform the update VGA driver. Because in some cases, there is often an error message appears.

Solution: There is no specific command that is included on the installer file update VGA driver, who suggested to uninstall the old drivers that were previously installed. However, you'll want to make cleaning your operating system from the old drivers ever. Before you install it with the latest updates as desired.

For users with VGA with ATI Radeon chipsets, you can easily uninstall the old drivers, along with several supporting applications. Since ATI is also already includes ATI CATALYST Uninstaller, which is automatically included when ATI CATALYST driver installation process.

For others, it is necessary tricks of its own. Quite a few alternatives to clean the old drivers. You can use Driver Cleaner, which is now available Driver Cleaner 3.3, or variants Professional Edition (www.drivercleaner.net).

10. Improving the view in the Monitor.
Problem: You have selected the best monitors. Say a TFT-LCD, or â € œsekadarâ €? CRT monitors leading brands, which often won hardware reviews. But the resulting appearance is not satisfactory. What to do?
Solution: As great as any device whatever, will not be optimal without the optimal configuration. So also for the monitor.

Most LCD monitors have a special button AUTO (or similar), for automatic configuration. In accordance with the data communicated between the monitor with a video card with DDC. But sometimes not perfect. Most of the moire interference is still felt. You can use the Monitor Test, and try until interference moire mengalibrasikan minimal.

For CRT monitors, mostly at the level of contrast and brightness problems. Contrast will adjust the monitor power light. But if the excess will be tiring eyes. Brightness will memperterang. However, if too high, will lose black level. And in some cases the focus will also disrupt the viewing monitor.

Networking
DSL Internet connection speed does offer a fairly satisfactory. Package offering price range, can be tailored to the needs. However, any problem can not be separated from him. And it's not an easy thing to make an Internet connection that is free from problems.

11. Router Hang, and should be restarted.
Problem: Initially, during installation of the router, this has never happened. But lately, often times the router hangs and needs to be restarted to get an Internet connection on a PC connected to the router.

Solution: Even though the best configurations, the router can still have a hang. Usually this is due to too many connection requests at the same time. And so far, the only way around that is to restart the router (turn it off and then turn it back).

Step 1: If your router manufacturer has provided updated firmware, you can try to update the firmware to fix the routing process and prevent crashes on the router.

Step 2: You can take precautionary action. This sort of thing can also be caused by viruses, spyware also attack the PC. Run antivirus and antispyware that has been updated, to check on each PC.

Step 3: Consider the applications installed on each client PC router. Especially some of the applications file sharing Peer to Peer (P2P). Such applications can also cause this. If not configured properly, P2P software can be opened Sharring its permissions, so that if the request is too much work will automatically charge your router.

12. Connection with Wi-Fi Sometimes Disconnected.
Problem: network connection using a Wi-Fi, occasionally interrupted abruptly. For no apparent reason. This occasionally happens on Centrino notebooks are already equipped with Wi-Fi connection.

Solution: Usually this is caused due to power saving mode. Centrino notebooks by default makes this function enabled in order to save battery consumption. The easiest way is to use the Intel PROSet application (if available).

Or through the properties on WI-Fi devices ethernet, on Network Connections. Then select Configure. In Adcanced tab, there are settings to optimize power consumption. Ad Hoc Transmit Power, influence the range. Meanwhile, Power Management, will adjust to the battery condition, and the idle time of the notebook. And will automatically reduce power consumption from the battery.

This, which may cause the Wi-Fi connection is lost. So there are two alternatives that can be done.

Option 1: Setting the maximum position for both of these functions. Especially if you're not worried about the remaining battery capacity. Because the available shortcut buttons to directly turn off the Wi-Fi in most Centrino notebooks.

Option 2: Customize the style of the use of your notebook. Learn notebook usage when idle. And tried in accordance with the habits of everyday use. Surely you do not want your Wi-Fi connection was suddenly interrupted by 5 minutes of idle time has passed. And you just leave your notebook, to simply going to the toilet or make a cup of hot coffee.

Read More

Learning Writing Drama Scripts

Hamalik (2001:57) defines learning as a structured combination includes the elements of human, material, equipment, and procedures that affect each other to achieve the learning objectives.
Through these definitions we can give limits of learning to write a play as the process of learning to write a play that is supported by a series of learning components to achieve the goal of learning to write a play.
Drama is the composition of poetry or prose that is expected to describe the life and character actors through dialogue behavior or staged. Drama is often called the theater, the plays are staged as an expression of beauty or art. As a work of art, drama need to be appreciated. One way to appreciate the drama is to find the elements of drama. One element that is prominent.
Mulyana (1998) define all mutual structure of the play as follows.
a. Alur and pengaluran
b. People and characterizations
c. Background and role of background
d. Themes
e. Equipment
f. Language
a. Alur and Pengaluran
Rules concerning the plot is the archetypal story, conflict, plot movement, and presentation. The so-called conflict is the occurrence of attraction between different interests, which allows the play develops in a dynamic flow motion. Thus, the motion path is composed of three major parts: the initial situation or also called exposure, conflict, and resolution. Then, presenting the basic pattern is done by dividing it into sections called scenes and round. The peculiarity of a drama would look through the presentation of the story in half and scene composition.
Determining Conflict with Data Showing That Support
In the drama, the conflict is the element that allows the characters interact with each other. Conflict is not always a fight, brawl, or hostility between the characters. Inner tension between the characters, different views, and attitudes among leaders is already a conflict. Conflict can make the audience interested to continue to follow or watch drama performances.
Consists of two forms of conflict, namely the external conflict and internal conflict. External conflict is a conflict between a character with its natural environment (physical conflicts) or with the human environment (social conflict). Physical conflict is caused by a clash between the leaders with the natural environment. For example, a character encountered that problem when the flood hit village. Social conflicts due to the relationship between human or social problems. For example, conflicts between workers and employers at a factory that resulted in demonstarasi workers. Internal conflict is a conflict that occurred in the self or soul figure. This conflict is a clash or problems experienced by a character with itself, such problems ideals, hidden desires, decisions, loneliness, and faith.
Both types of conflict above can be realized with various events taking place in a staging drama. The conflicts there, which is the main conflict and the conflicts of supporters. Major Conflict (bias external conflict, internal conflict, or both) is the central plot of the drama are staged, while supporting conflicts serves to reinforce the presence of major conflict.
How to determine conflicts with data showing that support in a drama? The data supporting the existence of conflicts among others can be seen from different viewpoints and attitudes revealed in the dialogue, expression and lakuan figures.
b. People and characterizations
Figures in the drama must have characteristics, such as proper name, character, and social environment that is clear. In short, a character or good character traits or characteristics should have a three-dimensional, ie that has the dimensions of physiological, sociological, and psychological. Harymawan (1988:25-26) in his book, dramaturgy, said that details of the physiological dimension consists of age, sex, body condition, and characteristics of the face; sociological dimension consists of social status, occupation (job title and role in society) , education, personal life, outlook on life (faith, religion, and ideology), social activities / organizations, hobbies and passions, nation (tribe and descendants); psychological dimension includes the mentality and morality, temperament, and intelligence (intelligence, skills, and special expertise in certain fields).
Usually, the main characters appear at the beginning of the story, namely at the stage of exposure. It was intended that the public, especially the reader or viewer can recognize them. Throughout the story, the characters will retain their characteristics. Then, the conflict created by the differences that exist between the characters, who strive to accomplish their desires. The difference was that more and more increasing conflict and culminating as the climax.
c. Background and Role of Background
Background in staging the play consists of place, time, and atmosphere. Structuring the background will turn the atmosphere. Structuring the background will turn the atmosphere, strengthening the character of leaders, and make the staging of the play more interesting. Therefore, the provision setting the election will determine the staging of drama in keseluruhan.Seperti like grooves and the characters, elements of space and time started to follow the general convention based on imitation of the reality of life. Space can be inserted with the author with staging instructions (sometimes referred to as kramagung, waramimbar, or beside the text) and dialogue, conversation, or wawancang. The space which is footing the incident occurred is generally clear, support lakuan drama, and in accordance with the scope cerita.Konvensi time should also be subject to the principle of cohesion and clarity. In the drama, when did or when the characters time to act is now, while the story time or time used by the characters in their dialogue can be either the past or the future. The past occur, for example, to tell the events they experienced, while the future can be used to submit a plan or forecast events that will happen.
d. Dramatic Themes
The theme of the drama is the idea or main idea that underlies an act drama. The theme of the play refers to something that became the subject who wish expressed by the playwright. The theme is general and related to aspects of life around us.
Main theme is the overall theme that became the foundation of drama plays, while additional themes are other themes contained in the drama that support the main theme.
How to find a theme in drama? The theme of the drama is not conveyed implicitly. After watching the whole scene and dialogues in the staging antarpelaku
drama, you will be able to find the theme of the play. You must be concluded from the overall scene and the dialog is displayed. That is a theme that was found is not based on specific parts of the story.
Although the theme of the play tend to be "abstract", we can show the theme by showing that there is evidence or reason in the story. The evidence can be found in the author's narration, the dialogue between actors, or a scene or series of interrelated scenes, which all are supported by elements of another drama, such as setting, plot, and narration centers.
e. Equipment
Equipment is also subject to the conventions as elements we have mentioned. Supplies are typical elements of theater, which can be either the object or object-banda required as a complement to the story, such as equipment characters, costumes, and stage equipment. Supplies (in kramagung and wawancang) is always in accordance with the purposes of the story.
f. Language
Language in the conventional drama stilistika also subject to the convention. For example, the characters engage in dialogue with the diversity of languages in accordance with their social environment and their character. In addition, a prominent communicate with other leaders to convey a message. Then, among those expected to occur in a meaningful dialogue that will lead to the story develops.
Writing a play is necessary preparations to determine the theme, plot, to frame stories, characterizations, conflicts, and settlement. In general, manuscript prepared for the staged drama on stage. Therefore, the play consists of dialogues between characters are one with the lainnya.Cerita drama that is often performed at this time usually tells the human side of life such as poverty, the struggle of life, love in the elderly and so forth. So, the story of the play is a miniature of a society that can be contemplated, be learned, or criticism of a very subtle but sharp on people's lives or life of the country. But there is also the drama that only aims to entertain or also to educate.
Writing Drama Scripts
Write a play different from writing poetry, short stories or novels, when poetry written in the form beris and the temple. Short stories and novels written in sentences that form paragraphs with a direct quote or conversation. Meanwhile, the drama is written in two parts. The first section contains the conversation and the second part contains the staging instructions, such as the provision of movement, expression of the players play or stage situations.
Steps to develop a play
a. Determine theme / story ideas
b. Determining the actors / characters
c. Determining the scenes
d. Writing the script
Qualifying when we will write a play
Sylado Remy (1996) suggests that there are four terms of qualifying when we are going to write drama, namely (1) the contents of dramatic, (2) dramatic language, (3) dramatic form, and (4) dramatic structure.
a. Contents dramatic
In the play should contain the premise and theme. The premise is a major issue which would be appointed in the story, sedangan themes can be understood as a manifestation of the premise, namely by giving answers or solutions that are menympulkan. For example, if the premise is "afraid of women", the theme could be the following statement, "a man who was afraid of his wife directly harm others."
Once we can determine the premise and theme, we can also outlines the dramatic content which we will develop in a play later. For example, the premise and theme of the above can be described thus: "A colonel suddenly growled in the field, major scolding. Major confused, helpless, and not daring to his superiors that, then tell off an all-out on the captain. Captain did not dare to his boss, then curse rnaki lieutenant. Lieutenant did not dare to his boss, then slapped the right cheek and left cheek sergeant. The sergeant did not dare to his boss, then beat and kicked the corporal. The corporal did not dare to his boss, then beat up the soldier until bruised. Under the soldiers no longer rank the lowest. Suddenly a dog over there. Jump soldiers beat dog to death with rifle butts. The issue essentially turns can be traced from the very beginning, the colonel turned out to have a "boss" who is feared, that his own wife.
b. Dramatic language
Language drama that we use to prosaic, poetic, or sosiologik. If we like the dialogues that have been prepared with sentences like prose, the language of drama we belong to the prosaic language. However, if we write it by focusing on diversification, such as the arrangement of stanza, lines, rhymes, and rhythms, the language of drama we are prosaic. Then, if the dialogues drama we adjust to the context, allowing the emergence of diverse and Indonesian dialects, it can be ascertained that we use language that is sosiologik drama.
b. Dramatic form
Concerning the dramatic form is the range of expression, style of expression, and literary plots. In a conventional drama, we have identified a variety of standard expressions, such as tragedy, comedy, tragicomedy, melodrama, and farce (jokes).
Style of expression concerning the vision and the author's view, which penuangannya usually in accordance with the understanding that dianutnya or stream, whether realism, expressionism, existentialism, or absurdisme. Authors can only select a variety of expressions to suit his views.
Plot is a plot literary texts contained in the drama. So, the plot made by the author, go to the plot that is realized by the motion of the actor who performed on stage.
c. Dramatic structure
Concerning the structure of these dramatic developments and links that appear antarkonflik, peaked, and ended. In a conventional drama, dramatiknya structure like classical convention or plots according Aristotelles may also like that developed by Gustav Freytag (Harymawan, 1988: 20), the exposition, complication, resolution, climax, and conclusion. Conclusion of the tragedy called katastrof (ends with sadness), while in the comedy called denumen (ending with happiness).
Some Dramatic Script Writing Training
With knowledge of the conventions of drama and with added courage, we can begin to write the play in accordance with the advice Japi Tambajong. However, if the mastery of the above qualifications that do not take a snap, then some of the practical training that were modified by Moody (1971: 88) can be used as a handle material, namely by (1) explore the value-dramatic indigo (from the drama that already exist), (2) write an imaginary dialogue, and (3) creating dramatic situations from various sources.
a. Adapt, adapt, and visualize Drama already There
Drama is available at libraries, in bookstores, or are used as materials in the school curriculum more that "good" to be read than staged. This is because not every playwright knows the ins and outs of the theater or the staging, even when they write plays, his mind must have tried to visualize the stage. This situation resulted in the party will perform a drama, such as directors, need to edit the first plays to be staged. In addition, between drama as a literary work on the one hand and the theater on the other hand is a form of art that have their peculiarities nasing. In theater, the play is just one element of theater that the director is more important than kretaivitas autonomy playwright.
Let's say that you are a director who will make a drama script into performance art. There were two plays that attract you, but there are two issues remain unresolved. The first draft of a manuscript translation of foreign languages and therefore has not contextual. The second manuscript kramagung little or instructions include acting so poor with visual imagination. How do I solve this problem? To be contextual, the first script can you adapt or you sadur according to the context of the times and places that you want and the second script can dikonkretkan with more clarifying kramagungnya. The first example we mentioned when discussing Rendra drama Robbers with her, while the second cohtoh often carried out by the director in the production process, ie with more concretize a play by Floo-rplan (drawing direction of movement of players) and promp-tbook (manuscript been edited in accordance with the purposes of staging).
b. Creating Imaginary Dialogue
Writing exercises can you do by making an imaginary dialogue based on a very dramatic situation you know. For example, you create a dialogue between two parties who have a problem or concept to the contrary: the workers with the employer, the hunters with environmentalists, traders sidewalk with Tibum officer or Satpol PP, or we can also solve problems that the review from two angles different. In the mass media sometimes there is a rubric that contains imaginary interviews with figures who have died, for example, an imaginary interview with Bung Karno Christianto Wibisono. The interview was made because the author (the interviewer) is very familiar with the subject being discussed. He knew perfectly well who the Bung Karno, what ideas and philosophy.
c. Containing a variety of sources Mendramakan dramatic Events
Our day now is the information age. If small and trivial event can attract as nicely packaged in preaching, how about a big event, like the fall of the aircraft, bloody coups, earthquakes, and meningganya
head of state? Such events of course you can make the writing of drama. With records, you must be able to see or discover the dramatic events in it. For example, if you read the news about the fall of Adam Airi aircraft or Garuda, you can make dramatic events by imagining that you are part of the passengers who survived, or when you read the news interruption caused by a football match spectators prevailing anarchy, you imagine that You're the trouble maker was so nervous, anxious, and fear stirred within the chest.
Source search dramatic events, of course not just news in newspapers, magazines, or television, but any source that interests you and is seen as a potential in revealing the dramatic events. For example, essays, court was the court, even a character profile can contain a dramatic event, particularly if our orientation to the performances on stage. As evidence, the theater group in Jakarta, the Theatre SAE never show drama titled Growth in Dining Table, that the script is sourced from various writings in the newspapers; Wellem Pattirajawane, an actor from the Small Theater, featuring monologues ever sourced from Indonesia Menggugat book written by man Karno, Or Adi Kurdi, actors from the Theatre Workshop Renda, never show monologue that came from Adi Andojo profile and courage as a young justices.
However, we must return to its original purpose, namely to practice writing plays. Therefore, all the material chosen for your dedicated skilled writing plays, for instance with materials that were nicely packed into the dialogue and kramagung, which is then laid back in a scene by scene and act.

Read More

THE NATURE OF READING

In essence, reading is a process to understand and reconstruct the meaning contained in reading material. Message or meaning contained in the text reading is a mutual interaction, active interaction, and dynamic interaction between the reader has basic knowledge with the sentences, facts, and information contained in the text readings. The information contained in the literature is information invisible to the eye or can be referred to as the source of visual information. Knowledge base which was previously owned by the reader is the information stored in the memory of the brain / mind reader or can be called with nonvisual information sources. Both kinds of sources of information need to be owned equally by the reader. It means the ability to know the visual information to be followed by the basic knowledge needed to comprehend a reading text. Vice versa, the knowledge base that has been held to proceed with the ability to understand visual information that a text reading. Other supporting capabilities that need to be held reader that is owned by the ability of connecting ideas with reading material. In relation to understanding and perekonstruksian message or meaning contained in the text readings, Harris and Sipay (1980) states that reading is a process of interpreting the meaning of written language appropriately. Introduction to the meaning of the word according to its context is a necessary prerequisite to understanding the message contained in reading material.
Reading is one type of written language skills who are receptive. Called receptive because by reading a person will obtain information, acquire science and knowledge and new experiences. All of which is obtained through reading would allow a person to enhance the power of thought, sharpen vision, and broaden their horizons (Zuchdi and Budiasih, 1996/1997: 49). The opinion emphasizes the importance of reading for improving the quality of one's self. Someone will 'technology illiterate' and 'stutter information' if rarely or never read the activities. Information about science, technology, cultural, political, social and various other current information are constantly evolving rapidly from day to day. All kinds of information and the times are in addition can be followed from electronic media (eg TV), can also be followed by print media by reading. Both kinds of media information each has advantages and disadvantages. Electronic media can be accessed in a more relaxed because they live watching a show on TV. The downside, those impressions can not be watched again when we need information. The print media that is accessed by way of reading has shortcomings in terms of readers, namely the availability of insufficient time in reading, lack of ability to understand the reading text, the low motivation in reading, lack of reading habits, etc.. However, when compared with electronic media (eg TV), reading has the advantage of reading the text can be read back if the information in the text the reading is at times necessary.
From the nature of reading which has been described can be argued that reading has many purposes and benefits in daily life. Any person who would do of course have an intention of reading why he needs to read the text which in turn could benefit after reading activities take place. The benefits of reading, among others (1) as a medium of recreation, (2) media self-actualization, (3) media informative; (4) media enhancer insight, (5) media to sharpen reasoning, (6) the media to learn a skill, (7 ) media forming emotional and spiritual intelligence; etc..
Because reading has many benefits in life, then reading activities need to be trained intensively in learning at school, mainly starting from the level of primary education. Learning to read in primary schools intensively trained in subjects Indonesian. In general, learning to read in primary schools are grouped into two kinds, namely reading the beginning and read further. In the following discussion then focused on learning to read the beginning and bagamana diagnose difficulties in its implementation if it turns out students' primary impediment in learning to read.

Read More