STATE ORGANIZATION

The purpose of this talk about COMPOSITION OF THE STATE is going to discuss the shape of the State in terms of susunanya. State, if the terms of the arrangement will result in two possible forms of the composition of the State, namely;
1. Single bersusunan State, which is called a Unitary State.
2. State bersusunan plural, called the State Federation.

1. Unitary State.
Unitary state, can also be called a Unitarian state. The country is reviewed in terms of its composition Dair, indeed the structure is single, meaning that it is the Unitary State of the State that is not composed of several countries. Rather it consists only of a State which is not composed of several countries. Rather it consists of only one state, so there is no State in the State. Thus the unity of the State there is only one rule, namely that the Central Government has the power and supreme authority in the field of State administration, establish government policy and implement the State Government both at central and regional areas.
On review from the aspect of history and immunization ketetanegaraan Negar, at the beginning of its development, from very ancient times, ancient times. Jama medieval, renaissance, then entered the era of good natural law XVIII century, the power of the rulers iti are generally absolute, and still the implementation of the principle of centralization and the principle of concentration.
The second principle was briefly stated as follows dapalah understanding;
1. The principle of centralization, is a principle that requires that all power and government affairs belonged to the Central Government.
2. Konsentralisasi principle, is a principle that requires that all power and government affairs were conducted solely by the central government. Whether that is in the center of government or in the local area.
Indeed sesunggunyalah after entering the century of natural law developments, XVII and XVIII century, and developed lahri attempts to limit the power of the rulers of the State, among others, by;
1. John Locke to the doctrine of human rights.
2. Montesquieu with teaching triad politics.
3. J.J. Rousseau with his doctrine kedalulatan people.
4. Immanuel Kant in his doctrine of State law, and
5. Maurice Duverger with the doctrine of election and appointment of the rulers of the State which will hold and carry out State power.

This thing is done by great thinkers about the state and its laws in order to be able to limit the power of these rulers, it was just simply create a theory or doctrine that is expected to limit the power of the rulers, because in practice the implementation of the State pemrintah power of these rulers still tetapp is absolute.

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ORIGIN STATE CHAPTER 1

ORIGIN STATE CHAPTER 1

When did science arise State (thinking about the State and the law)? The existence of thinking about the State and the law is not in conjunction with the preceding, so he emphasized the idea of State and the law is not as old as the age of the start of the State. Long before the concept of State and the law, the State has been there, we remember for instance the existence around the seventeenth century before Masahi, with a very absolute system of government.
But besides that in the era of awakening of human civilization is also the king of kings which guarantees the rights of its citizens. The king who did so presumably is the king of Babylon named Chammurabi who ordered around the year 1800 BC the famous unite the country which was originally divided.
If the above is said that the idea of State and the law is not as old as the existence of the State itself, then what can be explained that in ancient times (Ancient), king of kings ruled with absolute arbitrary executions because of its power, people did not get questioned about the State, why certain people who were in power, while the others are subject, what was the ruling power base and so forth. The lack of opportunity that he asserted that at that time people did not have the freedom to megeluarkan thoughts and opinions freely.
But nevertheless we not assume that the ancient jama science does not yet exist, such as astronomy, medical science, science ethics, philosophy, science, etc. shipping. But self-knowledge as it is known that people today do not exist, let alone a regular and systematic. Because in ancient times it all just confused speech, such a philosophy of science talk about yes, yes decency, health yes, yes shipping and so forth. Moreover, the state of science as we speak today, the light does not exist. In ancient times, there is no questioning the science of state all the circumstances the State. Because this is a science that contain the danger to the power of its rulers and to threatening the status and authority of the State authorities. Though the ruling on the primeval is that its power is absolute ruler, arbitrarily determine one's life and death. So mastering all facets of life in the State, whether life is lahiriyah (worldliness), and the life that is religious. Thus it is not surprising if penguaa were then pressed, prohibits any thoughts about the State and the law.
So therefore it concerns a matter of state science authority of the ruler, the basic authority of the ruler, then science kenegaraaan or thinking about the State and the law, can only arise and develop, if the composition kenegaraanya, kemasyarakatannya already allow the existence of freedom of thought and of expression. Remember that science could only arise and thrive when the freedom of thought and of expression, freedom is very dependent on the method or system pemeritahan State.
If the thought of the State and the law did not precede or simultaneously with the State or the formation and growth of civilization, because it is a social phenomenon (social phenomenon), which manifest themselves after long centuries after the State or civilization exists, then the idea of a new State and the law we will see it in place (at State), where ketatanegaraanya system provides the possibility for citizens to freely spend seecara thoughts and opinions, critically. This situation, according to state history, occurred early in the nation's first ancient Greece in its fifth century BC that is in Athens. So the nation was the first greek coolies, FE thing to start thinking about the State and held a law, so, their freedom of thought and of expression critically and honestly starting in ancient Greek nation. What then is presumably the cause of such circumstances? Many factors influencing factor, namely;
1. the nature of religion that is not God's teachings mengelan defined as Rule (ancient)
2. Geographical situation of that State which mejuruskan to trade and overseas sehigga greek nation could meet and exchange ideas with other nations.
3. form of his country, namely democracy republic, so that the people govern themselves little with the responsibility.
4. greek national consciousness as a whole.
5. all that makes the people of Greece as the experts thought and stateless persons.

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KLASIFIKASI NEGARA

Seperti yang telah dikatakan, bahwa pokok pembicaraan dalam klasifikasi negara ini adalah masalah masalah mengenai kemungkinan kemungkinan dapi pada bentuk negara; artinya suatu yang dinamakan negara itu mempunyai kemungkinan bentuk apa saja. Jadi tegasnya tidak akan dibicarakan entuk bentuk negara yang telah ada, dalam beberapa hal hanya diambil sebagai contoh untuk menjelaskan, tetapi yang pokok yang akan dibicarakan adalah ajaran ajarannya, yaitu ajaran ajaran mengenai klasifikasi bentuk bentuk negara.
disamping hal hal yang telah dibicarakan di muka, antara lain ; asal mula negara, hakekat negara , tujuan negara, legitimasi kekuasan, maka teori tentang bentuk bentuk negara dan bentuk bentuk pemerintahan wajib mendapatkan perhatian seperlunya, karena hal ini adalah penting sekali. pentingnya itu karena hal tersebut dapat menolong dalam mengartikan dan menempatkan tiap tiap gejala baru yang disebut negara yang ditemukan di dalam penyeledikan selanjutnya.
maka dari itu, hal ini adalah merupakan salah satu tugas pokok dai pada ilmu negara. sejak timbulnya pemikiran tentang negara dan hukum orang talah membicarakan kemungkinan kemungkinan dari pada bentuk negara, akan tetapi perlu diketahui bahwa hal ini sampai sekarang belum mendapatkan kesatuan pendapat dari para ahli pemikir tersebut. hal ini antara lain desebabkan karena;
## Negara, itu sebenarnya adalah merupakan suat prose yang setia waktu dapat mengalami perubahan, perubaha mana adalah sesuai dengan keadaan. kita ingat misalnya pada teori teori yang telah kita bicaakan, antara lain teroi teori tentang bentuk negara dari Plato, Aristoteles, dan Plybius.

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ASAL MULA SEBUAH NEGARA

Kapankah tibulnya ilmu negara; adanya pemikiran tentang negara dan hukum tidaklah bersamaan dengan adanya negara, negara adalah mendahului, jadi tegasnya adanya pemikiran tentang negara dan hukum tidaklah setua ur dari muai adaya negara. jauh sebelu adanya pemikirantentang negara dan hukum, negara telah ada, kita ingat misalnya adanya negara negara; babylonia, mesir dan assyria. negara negara ini adanya sekitar abad ke XVIII sebelum masehi, dengan sistem pemerintahanya yang sangat absolut
tatapi di samping itu pada jama bangunannya perdaban manusia adalah juga raja raja yang menjami hak hak dari pada para warga negaranya. raja yang berbuat demikian kiranya adalah raja dari babylonia yang bernama Chammurabi yang memerintahkan sekitar tahun 1800 SM yang terkenal mempersatukan negaranya yang semula terpecah belah.

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OBYEK ILMU NEGARA

Obyek atau lapanga pembicaraan ilmu Negara adalah negara, penyebutan inni sebetulnya adalah baru sepinta kilas saja ssuai dengan nama ilmu yang kita bicarakan. tetapi kalau kita memperhatikan betul betul, susunggunya ilmu yang membicarakan negara itu tidak saja illmu negara, melaninkan masih banyak ilmu ilmu lainnya yan juga membicarakan negara. oleh karena itu dalam menentukan obyek Ilmu Negara ini pertama tama kita harus mengetahui terlebih dahulu ilmu ilmu yang manakah yang mempunyai hubungan erat dengan ilmu negara bertalian dengan obyeknya itu. tentunya dalam penentuan hubungan ini kita harus berpedoman kurikulum yang dilaksanakan.
kalau kita memperhatikan kurikulum tersebu maka akan segera dapat diketaui, bahwwa yang mempunya hubunga erat dengan Ilmu Negara adalah;
1. Hukum Tatanegara
2. Hukum Tatapemerintah

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